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SOIL CARBON CHECK: A TOOL FOR MONITORING AND GUIDING SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN FARMER FIELDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 248-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023499

摘要：

● Establishment of a rapid tool for monitoring soil carbon sequestration in farmer fields.

关键词： 4 per 1000 initiative carbon sequestration climate action farmer fields SDG13 soil organic carbon soil testing

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ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY, VALUE EVOLUTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第1期页码 135-148 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022464

摘要：

● The choice of a modern agriculture project was found to be rational for professional farmers to reduce interference from non-market factors. The success of this project is due to its capacity to successfully fill the structural hole in the market transaction network.

关键词： Benefit-linked mechanism featured agriculture organizational integration professional farmers rural cooperative structural hole theory

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Simulation of heterogeneous two-phase media using random fields and level sets

George STEFANOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 114-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0267-5

摘要： The accurate and efficient simulation of random heterogeneous media is important in the framework of modeling and design of complex materials across multiple length scales. It is usually assumed that the morphology of a random microstructure can be described as a non-Gaussian random field that is completely defined by its multivariate distribution. A particular kind of non-Gaussian random fields with great practical importance is that of translation fields resulting from a simple memory-less transformation of an underlying Gaussian field with known second-order statistics. This paper provides a critical examination of existing random field models of heterogeneous two-phase media with emphasis on level-cut random fields which are a special case of translation fields. The case of random level sets, often used to represent the geometry of physical systems, is also examined. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the basic features of the different approaches.

关键词： microstructure random fields level sets shape recovery two-phase media

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Agricultural extension approach: evidence from an Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project in Ethiopia

Gerba LETA, Steffen SCHULZ, Girum GETACHEW ALEMU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 427-439 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020331

摘要：

Agricultural extension is an approach to rural development and agricultural transformation in which training, demonstration and technology transfer are key to reducing rural poverty, ensuring food security, and sustainably managing natural resources. During recent decades, different extension approaches have been tested and validated by the Ethiopian government and non-governmental organizations to stimulate in the agricultural extension system (AES). The most recent was a German-funded project entitled “Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project” (ISFM ), which employed a novel approach to piloting and upscaling proven technology and best practice. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the modalities of ISFM and illustrate its effects on technology uptake and dissemination. The study used a mixed methods approach to collect data. ATLAS.ti and SPSS were used for data management and analysis. Farmer Research and Extension Groups and Farmer Field Schools were found to be central to the participation process. Also, the ISFM was found to aid technology transfer and helped to increase grain and residue yields as well as farmer livelihoods. Based on these empirical findings, it is argued that the ISFM approach and technology should be integrated and institutionalized in the mainstream AES in order to promote their extensive application.

关键词： Ethiopia Farmer Field School Farmer Research and Extension Group governance institutionalization ISFM⁺ ambassador participation

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NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 386-395 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022443

摘要：

● Excessive application of N fertilizers in orchards and vegetable fields (OVFs) in China is particularly common.

关键词： nitrogen fate nitrogen fertilizer orchards vegetable fields

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Advanced biomass materials: progress in the applications for energy, environmental, and emerging fields

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 795-797 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2336-6

摘要： Advanced biomass materials: progress in the applications for energy, environmental, and emerging fields

关键词： progress applications energy fields

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Engineering Fronts in fields of Energy and Electrical Science and Technologies in the report of

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 5-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0868-6

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AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERHAI LAKE BASIN—THE WAY FORWARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 510-517 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023524

摘要：

Pollution of high-altitude lake basins by agriculture and rural activities, and the control of this pollution, have received increasing attention from academic research and government policy in China. Series of restrictions and regulations have been implemented to protect the surface water quality. These restrictions and regulations have greatly impacted and transformed the agricultural systems and rural livelihoods surrounding these lake basins. Using Erhai Lake basin in Yunnan Province as a case study, three main challenges were identified for concurrently decreasing pollution in the lake and increasing farmer income. It is contended that scientifically-sound environmental protection policies and agricultural green development practices are key to reversing the current situation. This will help to protect the lake from pollution while smallholder farmers will be able to produce healthy food in an environmentally sustainable manner, and with a fair remuneration for all the services farmers provide to the society.

关键词： agriculture farmer income nitrogen phosphorus water pollution

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The perturbed magnetic fields caused by mechanical stress

QIN Fei, YAN Dong-mei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 151-156 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0015-1

摘要： In the framework of the linearized magnetoelastic theory, the perturbed magnetic fields caused by mechanical stress and deformation were investigated theoretically. Governing equations and boundary conditions to determine the perturbed fields were derived. The effect of mechanical deformation on the magnetic fields was taken into account by coupling structural displacement into the perturbed magnetic field continuous conditions on the boundary of the structure. As an example, the perturbed field of a half-plane magnetized structure caused by a point force was calculated by the Fourier transform method. The results show that the calculated magnetic intensity component normal to the boundary of the structure reaches its maximum at the point force acted while the component tangent to the boundary inverses its direction sharply. The magnetic induction of the perturbed field is proportional to the applied force. Magnitude analysis proved that since the applied magnetic field has a relative weak intensity such as the Earth s magnetic field, influence of the magnetic field on deformation of the structure can be neglected.

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Stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 40-44 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0108-z

摘要：

Adult stem cells are responsible for homeostasis and repair of many tissues. Endogenous adult stem cells reside in certain regions of organs, known as the stem cell niche, which is recognized to have an important role in regulating tissue maintenance and repair. In wound healing and tissue repair, stem cells are mobilized and recruited to the site of wound, and participate in the repair process. Many regulatory factors are involved in the stem cell-based repair process, including stem cell niches and endogenous wound electric fields, which are present at wound tissues and proved to be important in guiding wound healing. Here we briefly review the role of stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair, and hypothesize that endogenous electric fields become part of stem cell niche in the wound site.

关键词： stem cell stem cell niche electric field tissue repair

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Characterization of random stress fields obtained from polycrystalline aggregate calculations using multi-scale

Bruno SUDRET,Hung Xuan DANG,Marc BERVEILLER,Asmahana ZEGHADI,Thierry YALAMAS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 121-140 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0290-1

摘要： The spatial variability of stress fields resulting from polycrystalline aggregate calculations involving random grain geometry and crystal orientations is investigated. A periodogram-based method is proposed to identify the properties of homogeneous Gaussian random fields (power spectral density and related covariance structure). Based on a set of finite element polycrystalline aggregate calculations the properties of the maximal principal stress field are identified. Two cases are considered, using either a fixed or random grain geometry. The stability of the method w.r.t the number of samples and the load level (up to 3.5% macroscopic deformation) is investigated.

关键词： polycrystalline aggregates crystal plasticity random fields spatial variability correlation structure

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Extrapolation reconstruction of wind pressure fields on the claddings of high-rise buildings

Yehua SUN, Guquan SONG, Hui LV

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 653-666 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0503-5

摘要： Recent research about reconstruction methods mainly used the interpolation reconstruction of the fluctuating wind pressure field on the surface. However, to investigate wind pressure at the edge of the building, the work presented in this paper focuses on the extrapolation reconstruction of wind pressure fields. Here, we propose an improved proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Kriging method with a von Kármán correlation function to resolve this issue. The studies show that it works well for not only interpolation reconstruction but also extrapolation reconstruction. The proposed method does require determination of the Hurst exponent and other parameters analysed from the original data. Hence, the fluctuating wind fields have been characterized by the von Kármán correlation function, as an a priori function. Compared with the cubic spline method and different variogram, preliminary results suggest less time consumption and high efficiency in extrapolation reconstruction at the edge.

关键词： extrapolation reconstruction proper orthogonal decomposition Kriging method von Kármán function Hurst exponent rescaled range analysis

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国产农机装备质量评价研究——基于华中地区农户调查数据的分析

周晶,青平

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 60-66 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.019

摘要：

提高国产农机装备质量是我国农机制造由大到强的必要条件。本文在总结我国农机装备制造业发展现状和存在问题的基础上，突出实证研究，利用来自华中地区的农户调查数据，从硬件质量、适用性和操作便利性、作业效果三方面考察农户对国产农机装备质量的主观评价。结果显示，农机户对国产大中型农机装备钢材质量、发动机质量、耗油量和故障频率的满意度显著低于非国产品牌；不足一半的农机户对国内外大中型农机装备地块匹配度、驾驶员匹配度、遮阳挡雨效果持满意态度；农户对国产农机装备作业速度、作业无遗漏、节省要素的满意度偏低。立足现状、着眼长远，提出组建关键零部件克难攻坚“国家队”、搭建以企业为主体的长效技术创新体系、抢抓智能化和绿色化农机装备研发、重构高等院校农机学科体系等对策建议。

关键词：国产农机质量评价农户调查华中地区

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化工、冶金与材料领域颠覆性技术影响初探

“化工、冶金与材料领域”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 34-41 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.006

摘要：

化工、冶金与材料工业通过获取自然资源进行再加工，生产人类生活所必需的材料、化学品和二次能源，为人类社会发展和国民经济建设提供了重要的物质基础。本文梳理了化工、冶金与材料领域历史上曾产生过的、公认的具有颠覆性意义的技术，分析了这类技术对人们日常生活、人类社会文明进步的影响和对传统技术的颠覆。并根据愿景驱动、问题导向和世界技术发展趋势，对化工、冶金与材料领域未来高效、安全、节能环保的可持续性科学发展模式，以及有望产生的颠覆性技术对国计民生的影响进行了展望，提出了浆态床渣油加氢转化技术、冶金制造流程功能拓展技术、石墨烯等具有颠覆性意义的技术。最后针对颠覆性技术的培育、发展和所需营造的环境提出了相关政策与建议。

关键词：化工冶金材料颠覆性技术国计民生